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25th August 2021

Death, taxes and patent risk

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Benjamin Franklin declared death and taxes as the only things certain in life. As we enter the fourth industrial revolution, patent risk can be added to the list. At a time where it is intangible assets that make up the bulk of enterprise value, it should be a boardroom priority to understand new sources of risks facing the organisation and to ensure that appropriate resources are deployed to manage and mitigate that risk. 

So what is patent risk and how best should it be communicated to the board?

We conducted a global survey as part of a study of how patent owners quantify and mitigate patent risk.

Read the Key Findings

What is patent risk?

Patent risk can be defined as the assessment and quantification of the uncertainty and undesirable outcomes associated with the ownership of patents and use of patented technology.

It can be broken down into a number of distinct categories:

  • Intrinsic risk – the reality that not every granted patent is valid and enforceable. It is hugely important to remember that this risk applies equally to your patents and those owned by others.
  • Environmental risk – the additional uncertainty caused by the constant change of patent laws around the world.
  • Innovation risk – the inherent uncertainty of bringing any new product or service to market. Also referred to as infringement risk, it is now virtually impossible to know whether your latest products infringe patents owned by others.
  • NPE risk – non-practising entities (NPEs) have been around for over 20 years, and while the legal environment has curtailed the worst excesses of this risk, it remains a permanent feature of the patent risk landscape. Immune from counter-assertion, NPEs merit their own category.
  • Assertion risk – reflecting the shift towards portfolio licensing, and away from disputes over individual patents. This used to be captured within Innovation risk, it now dictates a different approach and is therefore given a class of its own.

This classification is derived from categories of patent risk identified in Edison in the Boardroom (Suzanne Harrison and Patrick Sullivan). While not intended to be prescriptive, classification of risk sits at the heart of consistent assessment and better communication.

The consequences of patent risk can be catastrophic. Patent disputes are expensive right from the start, not only in terms of legal bills but also the time of key personnel such as the CTO and CFO. Litigation risk also creates uncertainty with customers and investors.

Quantification

A common way business risks are assessed is to identify all events that could impact that risk area and then score each event by combining both likelihood of occurrence and impact of the consequences. The same approach can be applied to patent risk.

Risk = Likelihood x Impact

By scoring each independently on a scale of 1-5, risk can be represented in a risk matrix, illustrated below:

The scores are Likelihood x Severity (25 being a risk which is both certain and catastrophic). The approach enables each of the patent risks to be ranked in a way that can readily be communicated. For example, for a hypothetical high tech company:

Intrinsic Risk might score 6, being the result of a Possible risk (the validity of patents are frequently challenged) with a Minor impact (reflecting that owners often have many patents relating to a single technology)

Assertion Risk might score 15. Most high tech companies end up with a suite of licenses and cross- licences (5 for Almost Certain) and the Severity can be moderate to major depending on prevailing royalty rates and the steps that the company has taken to mitigate this risk

The same approach can be taken for more granular assessment. For example, while many companies will have many competitors on their “threat list”, the increased availability of strategic patent intelligence makes it possible to quantify the relative threat from each (refer to Beyond Portfolio Optimisation, IAM 2020).

Risk Mitigation

Patent risk creates significant potential liabilities and it is the responsibility of the CEO and the board to ensure that the risk is managed and mitigated in-line with the organisation’s overall strategy and appetite for risk. It is the role of the legal and patent team to communicate and validate the mitigation strategies in each area.

Referring back to the risk categories, these are some of the available mitigation strategies:

Patent risk sits at the heart of IP strategy

It would be tempting to read the news of $1B+ patent awards against Cisco and Apple and believe that patent risk only hits large companies. This is not true. The hallmarks of a company with high risk are growing revenues and a small patent portfolio. It is this set of companies who are typically the disruptors and in the public eye. This puts a target on their back.

While it’s great to see the rise of IP strategy, there are still too many companies who fail to prioritise the risks patents pose. What’s missing is a better understanding in the boardroom of the magnitude of the risk and the proven strategies for mitigating that risk. There are still too many companies where patents are seen as a cost, without full appreciation of the value they deliver. In this context, value is not a hypothetical. It can be calculated and communicated using strategic patent intelligence. Companies who adopt this approach typically prioritise investment in patent portfolios, favouring this approach to dealing with patent litigation at an inconvenient time. Which is always.

As part of our research into the quantification and mitigation of patent risk, we conducted a global survey and the Key Findings are available to download here. A more detailed analysis of these findings will be published in IAM shortly and the full Cipher Report on Patent Risk will be published in November.

Visit Patent Risk Hub

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With Cipher you can…

Portfolio Optimisation connecting cogs

Optimise your portfolio

Ensure you have the right portfolio to meet your strategic patenting objectives.

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Competitive Intelligence

Gather competitor intelligence

Understand who’s doing what by automating patent to technology mapping.

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Cross Licensing

Model cross licensing

Combine patent and revenue data to determine rational licensing outcomes.

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Manage your budget

Justify patent budgets and communicate the impact of your investment.

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Conduct due diligence

Automate manual reviews for efficient execution of M&A and licensing transactions.

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Tackle inbound patent assertion

Be prepared with evidence to create a fast and effective threat assessment.

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Benchmark your portfolio

Assess your portfolio in comparison to other owners through your technology lens.

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Monetise your portfolio

Identify opportunities to create value through licensing or sale of patent assets.

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Predict technology trends

Track new technologies and discover the unknown owners of future innovation.

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Create Risk Mitigation Strategies

Understand the materiality of your threats to define your risk mitigation strategy.

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Our 25-minute #CipherVision #podcast episodes are described as ‘storytelling with #data‘ and have covered topics including #cybersecurity #ML #DEI, #investment strategies and patent #valuation. Listen now: https://t.co/k3RkeqtOkc #businesspodcasts #strategicpatentintelligence https://t.co/ve6EFmPvVY
We’re just back from #IPBCEurope, where our CEO @swychern moderated a masterclass on Handling Emerging Risks. If #risk to your #patent portfolio is a concern, our Patent Risk Hub has the resources to help you: https://t.co/dJpqcDhEju #patents #riskmanagement #riskmitigation #IP https://t.co/tXxMPlHRpq
Earlier this afternoon at #IPBCEurope, our CEO @swychern moderated a masterclass – Handling Emerging Risks – featuring panellists from @RaySearch, @Dentons and others. #IP #patents #strategicpatentintelligence. https://t.co/1yeIzvyqMh
The Cipher team is back at our booth at #IPBCEurope today in Paris. Please drop by and we’ll be more than happy to schedule a quick introductory meeting at a time to suit you. #IP #patentdata #strategicpatentintelligence. https://t.co/TAlC7n1G20
“You always learn something new.” Listen to how our CEO @swychern found Day One of #IPBCEurope in Paris today. #IP #patents https://t.co/Z2kRLNB60W
Delighted to have Ken Seddon, CEO, @TheLOTNET join the Cipher team for dinner in Paris last night, ahead of the start of #IPBCEurope today. Come to our booth to say hello or book in a meeting for an introduction to the Cipher platform: https://t.co/Nit3zBwQnD #patentdata #IP https://t.co/Z7AVNPQV5f
The Cipher Universal Technology Taxonomy places every #technology #patent in the world into manageable, sensible groupings. It’s organised by reference to Technology Superclasses (10) and Subclasses (122). Find out more: https://t.co/Vph3RIIYom #strategicpatentintelligence #IP https://t.co/DjgVYz3kgc
Anna, our Solutions Analyst prepared for this week’s attendance at #IPBCEurope in Paris by getting to grips with some boulders at #Fontainebleau over the weekend. Chat to our team for help with scaling your own #patent challenges: https://t.co/6FAttm5JCj https://t.co/pGeogsUM3V
“Filing #patents still makes sense, because we don’t know what the world is going to look like in 10 years or 20 years. And we don’t want to be caught with nothing.” – Jared Engstrom of @CrowdStrike in our latest podcast: https://t.co/oD4wQILvnT #ITpodcast #businesspodcast #IP https://t.co/8Uy1B9bnOX
Our Cipher Certified expert Katrin is at the 7th European Intellectual Property Forum (Berlin, 27 – 28 April). If you fancy learning about setting your own classifiers, book in a meeting to discuss the built-in training programme: https://t.co/dU4VzsupWb #patents #IP #patentdata https://t.co/snThmMiqie

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